Singapore continues to expand its list of approved host countries, carbon crediting programs, and methodologies that meet the established criteria.
By Paul A. Davies, Michael D. Green, Farhana Sharmeen, James Bee, Kevin Mak, and Qingyi Pan
On September 16, 2025, Singapore signed an implementation agreement on carbon credits in cooperation with Vietnam, expanding the total number of executed implementation agreements to nine. The Ministry of Trade and Industry (MTI) announced: “Singapore is committed to channelling



The Voluntary Carbon Markets Integrity (
On May 20, 2021, President Joe Biden signed into effect an Executive Order on Climate-Related Financial Risk (Executive Order) aimed at addressing the threat that climate change poses to US financial stability. The Executive Order requires federal agencies, including financial regulators, to undertake work to advance clear and comparable disclosure of climate-related financial risks and act to mitigate such risk and its drivers.
On 9 December 2020, the UK Climate Change Committee (the Committee) published its 6th Carbon Budget (the Budget), as required under the Climate Change Act. The Budget provides ministers with advice on the volume of greenhouse gases the UK can emit during the period 2033-2037 and also contains policies designed to place the UK on track to achieving carbon neutrality by 2050.
On 30 November 2020, the European Commission (EC) adopted the EU Climate Action Progress Report
The Agence Française de Développement (AFD) has issued a new Sustainable Development Bond Framework (the Framework) that establishes bond eligibility criteria based on fundamental principles, and describes the identification and selection process for parties to be included in any Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) bonds. The Framework defines SDG bonds as “loans extended to countries, territorial authorities, NGOs, banks and financial intermediaries, or public and private enterprises” which satisfy the eligibility criteria discussed below. The AFD is a public financial institution working to fight poverty, promote sustainable development, and implement policy defined by the French government.
On 22 September 2020, during a speech before the UN General Assembly, President Xi Jinping announced China’s commitment to become carbon neutral by 2060 and reaffirmed China’s commitment under the Paris Agreement to peak its carbon emissions by 2030. China is the world’s largest greenhouse gas (GHG) polluter and emitted approximately 10 billion tons of carbon dioxide in 2018, according to the Global Carbon Project. Given this, China’s commitment to become carbon neutral by 2060 would significantly reduce global GHG emissions and set the stage for China’s development of a green economy.